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CONTEXT

INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this section is to provide a historic overview of Eagar’s history so that the Town’s current development patterns and planning opportunities and challenges can be understood in the context of its history, location, and current trends.

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LOCATION

Eagar is located west of the intersection of Highway 180 and State Road 260 in the White Mountains of northeastern Arizona.

The Town is approximately 18 miles east of the New Mexico State Line and is almost equidistant from Albuquerque, New Mexico and Phoenix, Arizona.  It is considered part of Apache County's Round Valley.  The Town is bordered by Springerville on the north and northeast.  West of Eagar is Greer, Sunrise Ski Resort (22 miles to the west), and the resort towns of Pinetop-Lakeside (47 miles to the west) and Show Low (47 miles west).  The Apache National Forest is to the south and the Fort Apache Indian Reservation to the west and southwest.

Eagar lies at the juncture between the high pines and high desert.  Surrounding Eagar are multiple natural resources and tourist attractions.  The Becker Lake State Wildlife Area, Big Lake, Nelson Reservoir, Crescent Lake, and Lyman Lake State Park are all within 1/2 hour drive of Town.  The 10,912 foot Escudilla Mountain and many peaks over 9,000 feet are located to the south.  Cultural resources such as Casa Malpais are also in the immediate Vicinity.

The planning area for Eagar is a 12+- square mile area encompassing approximately 7,036 acres of incorporated land located within Apache County.  The Town lies between 6,990 and 7,200 feet above sea level.

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OUR HERITAGE

Native Americans and Spaniards

As in most of northern Arizona, Native Americans were the first inhabitants of the area. Ancestors of the Zuni and Hopi, know as the Mogollon people, originally occupied this area. Evidence of their civilization is the Casa Malpais “house of the badlands” prehistoric site. This site is believed to have been built between 1250 and 1380. The site is 2 miles north of Eagar on SR 60. Casa Malpais was occupied for about 200 years until it was mysteriously abandoned about 1400 AD (Casam. 2001).

The land was well watered, having timber and game in abundance. Plenty of clay for pottery and flint for arrowheads was available. However, with the coming of the white men, the valley was devoid of Indian life (Irvine and Eagar, 1999).

As far as recorded history goes, the Spanish were the first settlers in Round Valley, or Valley Redondo, as it was called (which includes the current boundaries of Eagar and Springerville). By 1872, the Spanish Americans had established a colony called Nutrioso Creek.

Henry Springer, a trader from Albuquerque, New Mexico, opened a store in 1875, across from the Little Colorado River in the western part of the valley. When it came time to select a name for the post office, the people in the area honored him by naming it Springerville.

Julius Becker also came to the valley in 1875, followed soon after by his brother Gustav. They too established a store.

The early pioneers farmed, raised dairy cows, made cheese and butter, traded produce and game, and lived off the land.

In March of 1878 the first Mormon wagons from Utah reached the valley. They were soon followed by others and in 1878 the first Mormon ward was established as Round Valley Ward, Little Colorado Stake, Jacob Hamblin as presiding Elder. In 1879 the Mormons in the lower end of the valley were organized into the Alma Ward and William Walter Eagar and family arrived at Christmas time 1879. In 1880, the ward was renamed to Omer. This ward was laid out according to Mormon plan into blocks and lots. Its streets were plotted and surveyed with the Main Street running north from the present site ofthe Springerville public school to the bluff north of Nutrioso Creek. In the meantime, the Mormons in the upper end of the valley had also organized into a ward known as the Amity Ward. It was also laid out into blocks, lots and streets, and surveyed. Its location was east of what is know today as the Milky Way Ranch (Irvine and Eagar, 1999).

The largely uninhabited Round Valley was also an ideal refuge for outlaws who were being driven from adjoining states. Prominent among these gangs were the Cavanaugh, also known as Snider gang, nine of whom were killed in a fight among themselves on the hill back of what is now the Eagar cemetery. The Clantons, whose feud with Wyatt Earp made Tombstone famous, lived in this section, homesteading in several places adjoining the valley (Irvine and Eagar, 1999)

By 1885 the town site of the Omer Ward was in dispute as well as some of the lands belonging to the Mormons at Amity. Land jumpers belonging to the lawless element, claiming squatters’ rights and refusing to sell at any price ordered the Mormons to leave their homes. It is a significant fact that most of Omer townsite still lies in sagebrush to this day.

The Eagar brothers, Joel, John and Will, together with the Robertsons, had taken up homesteads on what was known as the bench, the present townsite of Eagar. The families lived in Springerville during the winters. The Mormons started their move to this new location and the building of their canals, ditches and reservoirs commenced.

As the Mormons in Springerville were having increasing trouble with land jumpers, church authorities from Salt Lake City, Utah, visited the area and advised the people to unite the Omer and Amity Wards into one ward to be called Eagar Ward. The Eagar family, who had taken up homesteads in 1878 in the area, gave land in 1888 to develop a townsite. The town was first called Union, then Eagarville, and finally Eagar. (Irvine and Eagar, 1999).

In 1898, a post office was established with Emma J. Udall as the first postmaster. Soon after the move of the Mormons from the present site of Springerville to Eagar, they established their own school under Mr. Fred W. Schell.

Development in Eagar continued to focus on Main Street, which became United States 260, the major highway through Round Valley.

In addition to the two town sites of Eagar and Springerville, two other projects of the early settlers created lasting features on the landscape. These are Becker Lake and the irrigation system. Initially, water was diverted directly from the Little Colorado River to irrigate 1,000 acres in Round Valley. During the 1880’s and 1890’s much of the present irrigation system was developed to supply water to fields and town lots (Irvine and Eagar, 1999).

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INTO THE PRESENT

The Round Valley Light and Power Company, owned by Mr. And Mrs. Alvin Becker brought electricity to Eagar in 1927. The early phone system only operated from 8 a.m. to 8 p.m.

A hospital was built in cooperation with surrounding communities. The hospital served for some time and was finally replaced by the present hospital in Springerville.

The 26 Bar Ranch is located on the west side of Eagar. With the exception of pasture land, the ranch is situated within the Town boundaries. In the 1940’s, the 26 Bar Ranch was part of the Milky Way Ranch. The actor John Wayne and Louis Johnson acquired the ranch in the 1960’s, and raised world class Hereford cattle. After John Wayne’s death, the Ranch was owned by Tom Chauncey, an owner of a local television and radio station. Ultimately, in 1997, the Ranch was acquired by the Hopi Tribe (eagar.com, 2001).

The Town of Eagar was incorporated in February, 1948, with a population of 641. Seventy-five blocks were contained in the first incorporation. Thirty-seven years later, the 1985 special census indicated Eagar’s population to be 4,001 (General Plan, 1990). The 2000 U.S. Census places the population at 4,033. The major area employers include the Salt River Project Coronado Generating Station, Century Springerville Generating Station, and the United States Forest Service.   

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Proposition to Merge Eagar and Springerville

In 1988, a Town hall meeting for the Round Valley recommended that the two towns of Springerville and Eagar merge. This idea came from the notion that the two communities had   Two annexations to the town were completed in 1998. The west annexation is approximately land uses.

In 1988, a Town hall meeting for the Round Valley recommended that the two towns of Springerville and Eagar merge. This idea came from the notion that the two communities had unique assets that would complement each other. Springerville had almost all of the businesses in the area and Eagar had the residential neighborhoods. This situation remains much the same today. Eagar, with an estimated population of 4,000, was twice the size of Springerville, and yet, according to 1983 figures, Springerville had four times more sales-tax revenue than its counterpart. The former State Office of Economic Development regarded Round Valley as one entity and wanted to do a master plan for the area in 1983, but the communities did not want to endorse this effort. The two communities decided to build separate facilities. In 1989, the concept of merging the communities was finally dismissed (Arizona Republic, 1989).  Two annexations to the town were completed in 1998. The west annexation is approximately 1,280 acres, and is zoned for agricultural use with an industrial district. The east annexation is approximately 640 acres, and is zoned for commercial, multi-family and mobile home residential land uses.

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Updated 1-5-05
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